Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 30, Number 12, Décembre 2014
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 1101 - 1109 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20143012013 | |
Published online | 24 December 2014 |
Pathologies de l’ADN mitochondrial et stratégies thérapeutiques
Mitochondrial DNA diseases and therapeutic strategies
UMR 7156, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 21, rue René Descartes, 67084
Strasbourg, France
De multiples altérations peuvent affecter le génome mitochondrial et entraîner l’apparition de nombreuses maladies, pour la plupart neuromusculaires. Bien qu’à ce jour il n’existe aucun traitement efficace pour de telles affections, diverses stratégies sont envisagées. Nous décrivons ici les principales affections liées à une altération de l’ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt), les systèmes expérimentaux utilisés pour étudier les mécanismes moléculaires de ces dysfonctionnements (levures, cellules cybrides, souris, etc.) et faisons un tour d’horizon des progrès récents dans le développement de différentes approches thérapeutiques.
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial genome can cause a wide range of clinical disorders, mainly neuromuscular diseases. Various strategies have been proposed to address these pathologies; unfortunately no efficient treatment is currently available. In some cases, defects may be rescued by targeting into mitochondria nuclear DNA-expressed counterparts of the affected molecules. Another strategy is based on the induced shift of the heteroplasmy, meaning that wild type and mutated mtDNA can coexist in a single cell. The occurrence and severity of the disease depend on the heteroplasmy level, therefore, several approaches have been recently proposed to selectively reduce the levels of mutant mtDNA. Here we describe the experimental systems used to study the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunctions: the respiratory deficient yeast strains, mammalian trans-mitochondrial cybrid cells and mice models, and overview the recent advances in development of various therapeutic approaches.
© 2014 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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