Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 18, Number 5, Mai 2002
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 577 - 584 | |
Section | Le Magazine : Articles de Synthèse | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2002185577 | |
Published online | 15 May 2002 |
Activation et modifications post-traductionnelles de p53 après dommage de l’ADN
Activation and post-translational modifications ofp53 following DNA damage
Laboratoirede Cancérogenèse moléculaire,UMR 217 CEA-Cnrs, DRR, DSV,CEA, BP n° 6,92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex,France
La protéine humaine p53 (393 acides aminés) est un facteur de transcription. Dans les cellules non stressées, p53 est inactive ; elle est maintenue à un faible niveau par son association avec l’oncoprotéine MDM2, qui provoque son transport du noyau vers le cytoplasme et sa dégradation par la voie dépendante de l’ubiquitine. Des stress génotoxiques tels que les radiations UV ou les radiations ionisantes déclenchent des voies de signalisation qui aboutissent à la stabilisation de la protéine p53, causant son accumulation dans le noyau et son activation comme facteur de transcription. Cette activation conduit à l’arrêt de croissance ou à l’induction de l’apoptose. Les mécanismes moléculaires qui activent p53 impliquent des modifications post-traductionnelles des régions amino- et carboxy-terminales, de types acétylation, phosphorylation et sumoylation, essentielles à la fonction de p53.
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a potent transcription factor. In unstressed cells, the p53 protein is latent and maintained at low level through its binding to the oncoprotein MDM2. MDM2 counteracts p53 tumor suppressor activity by physically binding to p53 and suppressing its transcriptional activity. MDM2 also functions as a p53 ubiquitin ligase and triggers its degradation. After stress, such as UV or ionizing radiations, the cells respond in one of two ways: cell cycle arrest or apoptosis and p53 is implicated in both. Following stress, the p53 protein is highly modified by sequential multisite post-translational modifications eading to an accumulation of the protein and its activation as transcriptional activator. Phosphorylation is clustered in the 81 amino-acid N-terminal and 79 amino-acid C-terminal. N-terminal phosphorylations are important for stabilizing p53 through dissociation of the p53-MDM2 complex and are critical for acetylation of C-terminal sites. The C-terminal domain contains phosphorylated, acetylated and sumoylated sites. These C-terminal modifications are thought to contribute to the activation of p53 transcriptional activities in response to DNA damage.
© 2002 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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