Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 32, Number 8-9, Août–Septembre 2016
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 725 - 731 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20163208020 | |
Published online | 12 September 2016 |
Plasticité des cellules cancéreuses et dissémination métastatique
Cancer cell plasticity and metastatic dissemination
Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008
Lyon, France
*
alain.puisieux@lyon.unicancer.fr
La dissémination métastatique repose sur une séquence d’événements qui aboutit à la colonisation par les cellules cancéreuses d’un tissu à distance de la tumeur primaire. Il s’agit d’un processus inefficace, chaque étape représentant un obstacle que seul un petit nombre de cellules réussit à franchir. Deux phénomènes intrinsèquement associés au développement tumoral favorisent cependant leur dissémination au sein de l’organisme et la formation de métastases : la diversité génétique des cellules cancéreuses au sein d’une tumeur et la plasticité conférée à ces cellules par des signaux provenant du microenvironnement. La transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse, processus de trans-différenciation cellulaire, joue un rôle important dans ce contexte en accordant aux cellules tumorales une capacité unique de motilité, de survie et d’adaptation aux stress et aux nouveaux environnements rencontrés au cours des différentes phases de la dissémination métastatique.
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination consists of a sequence of events resulting in the invasion by cancer cells of tissues located away from the primary tumour. This process is highly inefficient, since each event represents an obstacle that only a limited number of cells can overcome. However, two biological phenomena intrinsically linked with tumour development facilitate the dissemination of cancer cells throughout the body and promote the formation of metastases, namely the genetic diversity of cancer cells within a given tumour, which arises from their genetic instability and from successive clonal expansions, and cellular plasticity conveyed to the cells by micro-environmental signals. Genetic diversity increases the probability of selecting cells that are intrinsically resistant to biological and physical constraints encountered during metastatic dissemination, whereas cellular plasticity provides cells with the capacity to adapt to stressful conditions and to changes in the microenvironment. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an embryonic trans-differentiation process frequently reactivated during tumour development, plays an important role in that context by endowing tumor cells with a unique capacity of motility, survival and adaptability to the novel environments and stresses encountered during the invasion-metastasis cascade.
© 2016 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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