Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 27, Number 8-9, Août–Septembre 2011
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 733 - 736 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2011278015 | |
Published online | 31 August 2011 |
Maladie d’Alzheimer, peptide β-amyloïde et synapses
Alzheimer’s disease, amyloïd peptide and synaptic dysfunction
Institut interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
*
mulle@u-bordeaux2.fr
**
ahemar@u-bordeaux2.fr
La maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) se caractérise par une perte progressive de la mémoire et des fonctions cognitives. Dans les étapes précoces de la MA, on observe une accumulation progressive d’oligomères solubles de peptides β-amyloïdes (Aβo) dans le cerveau. Des études réalisées chez l’homme et sur des modèles transgéniques murins de la MA établissent des corrélations entre le taux cortical de Aβo et les altérations de la mémoire, et démontrent que la plasticité synaptique dans l’hippocampe, un substrat neuronal de la mémoire, est altérée par les Aβo. Cette revue fait le point sur ce domaine de recherche relativement peu développé en France qui essaie de comprendre comment l’exposition chronique à un taux élevé d’Aβo affecte la structure, la fonction et la plasticité des synapses.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the first cause of dementia that leads to insidious and progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions. In the early stages of AD, there is a strong correlation between memory impairment and cortical levels of soluble amyloid-β peptide oligomers (Aβ). It has become clear that Aβ disrupt glutamatergic synaptic function, which in turn may lead to the characteristic cognitive deficits. Conversely, experiments in rodents have conforted the notion that Aβo impairs synaptic transmission and plasticity, and that mouse models with increased production of these oligomers display cognitive impairment. Many studies have attempted to determine the mechanisms by which Aβo disrupt synaptic plasticity and mediate their detrimental effect, but the actual pathways are still poorly understood. Here we review this thriving area of research which aims at undertanding the mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction in the early phase of AD, and its consequences on the activity of neural circuits.
© 2011 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS
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