Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 27, Number 4, Avril 2011
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 382 - 386 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2011274013 | |
Published online | 28 April 2011 |
Infection par le virus West Nile chez l’homme
II. Aspects physiopathologiques et réponses immunitaires
West Nile virus. II. Immunopathophysiology in humans
Blood Systems Research Institute, UCSF Department of Laboratory Medicine, 270 Masonic avenue, 94118 San Francisco, États-Unis
Depuis son émergence en 1999, le virus West Nile (WNV) est devenu la principale cause d’encéphalite arbovirale aux États-Unis. L’infection est souvent asymptomatique mais, lorsqu’elle est cliniquement apparente, les symptômes vont d’un symptôme grippal à des désordres neurologiques plus graves pouvant parfois entraîner la mort. Les études en cours, menées en parallèle chez l’animal et chez l’homme, cherchent à comprendre la dynamique hôte-virus et les mécanismes conduisant au développement de symptômes neurologiques dans approximativement 1 % des cas. La comparaison des individus asymptomatiques et symptomatiques et l’utilisation des données disponibles pour d’autres Flavivirus ont amélioré nos connaissances et laissent espérer le développement de solutions thérapeutiques actuellement absentes et de mesures prophylactiques. C’est la synthèse de ces connaissances que nous présentons dans cette seconde partie.
Abstract
Since its emergence in 1999 in America, West Nile virus (WNV) has become the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in the United States. The infection is often asymptomatic but, when clinical manifestations occur, a broad range of symptoms is observed from flu-like symptoms to more serious neurological disorders that can sometimes lead to death. No treatment or vaccine is available for humans. Ongoing studies are trying to understand the host-virus dynamics that lead to the development of severe neurological symptoms in a minority of infected subjects. The amount of knowledge that was gained from parallel studies in animals and humans, comparing asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals, and using what was known of other Flaviviruses, will eventually translate to the development of potential therapeutic and prophylactic solutions. This review presents a synthesis of the most relevant findings concerning the immune response to WNV and its impact on disease outcome and gives an overview of the most promising therapeutic and prophylactic solutions.
© 2011 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS
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