Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 24, Number 4, Avril 2008
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 407 - 414 | |
Section | M/S revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2008244407 | |
Published online | 15 April 2008 |
Glycéronéogenèse et PEPCK-C
Cibles pharmacologiques dans le diabète de type 2
Glyceroneogenesis and PEPCK-C: pharmacological targets in type 2 diabetes
Inserm UMR-S 747 ; Université Paris Descartes, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
*
claude.forest@univ-paris5.fr
Un des liens entre obésité, résistance à l’insuline et diabète de type 2 incrimine les acides gras non estérifiés (AGNE) issus de l’hydrolyse des triglycérides dans le tissu adipeux. Une part importante de ces AGNE est ré-estérifiée immédiatement en triglycérides. La ré-estérification requiert la glycéronéogenèse ou synthèse de glycérol-3-phosphate qui, notamment à jeun, provient de substrats non glucidiques. Plus le recyclage des AGNE est important, moins ils sont libérés. La glycéronéogenèse et l’expression de son enzyme clé, la PEPCK-C, sont sélectivement induites par les thiazolidinediones hypolipidémiantes et antidiabétiques qui réduisent ainsi l’efflux des AGNE, leur taux circulant et l’insulinorésistance.
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The link between hypertrophied adipose tissue and this pathology is thought to be non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) arising from adipocyte lipolysis. Sustained increase in plasma NEFA induces insulin resistance. In adipocytes, a significant part of lipolytic NEFA is re-esterified to triacylglycerol. Reesterification requires glycerol-3-phosphate which, during fasting, is synthesized from lactate, pyruvate or certain amino acids in a metabolic pathway named glyceroneogenesis. The key enzyme in this pathway is the cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C). In this review, we postulate that thiazolidinediones exert their hypolipidemic and antidiabetic effects in adipose tissue at least in part through a rapid and selective induction of PEPCK-C gene transcription leading to increased PEPCK-C and glyceroneogenesis. Subsequent fatty acid re-esterification participates in the reduction in blood NEFA and insulin resistance.
© 2008 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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