Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 33, Number 6-7, Juin-Juillet 2017
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 629 - 636 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20173306020 | |
Published online | 19 July 2017 |
Une nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans le traitement de la spasticité après une lésion de la moelle épinière : la calpaïne
Calpain as a new therapeutic target for treating spasticity after a spinal cord injury
Équipe P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
*
frederic.brocard@univ-amu.fr
À la suite d’un traumatisme de la moelle épinière, la plupart des patients développent une exagération du tonus musculaire, appelée spasticité, qui aboutit souvent à une incapacité motrice. Dans cette revue, nous résumerons les principaux mécanismes physiopathologiques de la spasticité qui découlent d’une lésion médullaire, puis décrirons l’apport de nos récents travaux identifiant une protéase, la calpaïne, comme le promoteur de ces mécanismes physiopathologiques. Cette découverte ouvre de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques dans le traitement de la spasticité.
Abstract
After a spinal cord injury (SCI), patients develop spasticity, a motor disorder characterized by hyperreflexia and stiffness of muscles. Spasticity results from alterations in motoneurons with an upregulation of their persistent sodium current (I NaP), simultaneously with a disinhibition caused by a reduction of expression of chloride (Cl-) co-transporters KCC2. Until recently the origin of alterations was unknown. After reviewing pathophysiology of spasticity, the manuscript relates our recent work showing a tight relationship between the calpain-dependent proteolysis of voltage-gated sodium channels, the upregulation of I NaP and spasticity following SCI. We also discuss KCC2 as a substrate of calpains which may contribute to the disinhibition of motoneurons below the lesion. This led us to consider the proteolytic cleavage of both sodium channels and KCC2 as the upstream mechanism contributing to the development of spasticity after SCI.
© 2017 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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