Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 33, Number 1, Janvier 2017
Matériaux pour la médecine de demain
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 99 - 104 | |
Section | Repères | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20173301019 | |
Published online | 25 January 2017 |
Complicités et ambivalences de la psychiatrie
Münsterlingen et le carnaval des fous de 1954
Complicities and ambivalences of psychiatry: Münsterlingen and the 1954 feast of fools
Institut d’Études Avancées, Collegium de Lyon (Université de Lyon), Immeuble Tony Garnier, allée A, 24, rue Baldassini, 69007 Lyon, France
En mars 1954, Michel Foucault visite l’asile de Münsterlingen, dans le canton de Thurgovie, sur la rive suisse du lac de Constance. Lieu d’activité de psychiatres bien connus, notamment Hermann Rorschach, Münsterlingen est devenu célèbre dans l’histoire de la psychiatrie surtout grâce au travail de Roland Kuhn, qui fut actif à l’asile de 1939 à 1979. Grand spécialiste du test psychodiagnostique de Rorschach et découvreur au début des années 1950 du premier médicament antidépresseur, Kuhn fut également très proche de Ludwig Binswanger, dont il accueille favorablement l’approche anthropologique de la maladie mentale. C’est précisément pour rencontrer Kuhn et Binswanger que le jeune Foucault se rend en Suisse, à une époque où il s’intéresse à la psychopathologie « existentielle ». Sa visite a lieu pendant la fête du Carnaval de l’asile.
Abstract
In March 1954, Foucault visited the psychiatric asylum of Münsterlingen (Canton Thurgau), on the Swiss side of Lake Constance. Münsterlingen was the chosen place of activity for well-known psychiatrists, including Hermann Rorschach (1910-1913), and it became famous in the history of psychiatry especially through the work of Roland Kuhn, who was active in the asylum from 1939 to 1979. Kuhn was an expert in the Rorschach psycho-diagnostic test, as well as the discoverer of the first antidepressant in the early 1950s. He was also very close to Ludwig Binswanger, whose anthropological approach to mental illness had a strong influence on his own psychiatric practice. It is precisely in order to meet Kuhn and Binswanger that the young Foucault went to Switzerland, at a time when he was interested in philosophical anthropology and “existential psychopathology”. Foucault’s visit took place during the Carnival at the asylum, when the patients leave the hospital wearing the masks that they have made up and created.
© 2017 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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