Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 33, Number 1, Janvier 2017
Matériaux pour la médecine de demain
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 60 - 65 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20173301010 | |
Published online | 25 January 2017 |
Substituts osseux
Bone substitutes
1
Inserm, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Research, RMeS, 1, place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042
Nantes Cedex 1, France
2
Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042
Nantes, France
3
CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042
Nantes, France
*
fabienne.jordana@univ-nantes.fr
Les substituts osseux servent à combler un défaut après un traumatisme ou une chirurgie, et apportent un support mécanique et une éventuelle cicatrisation osseuse. Ils constituent une alternative à l’autogreffe osseuse, qui reste la référence malgré le risque de complications post-opératoires. Le choix d’un substitut osseux par le clinicien est alors fonction du volume osseux nécessaire, des propriétés du matériau utilisé (temps de durcissement, propriétés mécaniques, résorbabilité, etc.) et de sa manipulation (injectabilité, malléabilité, etc.). Nous présentons ici les substituts osseux classés selon leur origine naturelle ou synthétique et leur composition chimique.
Abstract
Bone substitutes, used to fill a defect after a surgery or a trauma, provide a mechanical support and might induce bone healing. They constitute an alternative to autogenous bone grafts, the ‘gold standard’ which remains the reference despite its risk of postoperative complications. The clinician choice of a bone substitute is based on the required bone volume, the handling (injectability, malleability) and mechanical properties (setting time, viscosity, resorbability among others) of the material. Bone substitutes are commonly used in orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, stomatology and dental applications. Their use increases steadily, with the recent clinical development of injectable forms. In addition, novel technologies by subtractive or additive techniques allow today the production of controlled architecture materials. Here, we present a bone substitutes classification according to their origin (natural or synthetic) and chemical composition, and the most common use of these substitutes.
© 2017 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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