Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 31, Number 2, Février 2015
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 168 - 173 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20153102013 | |
Published online | 04 March 2015 |
Contrôle de la glycémie par l’axe nerveux intestin-cerveau
Glucose homeostasis and gut-brain connection
Inserm U855, 7-11 rue Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France ;
Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France ;
Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
Le cerveau, via la régulation de la sensation de faim, contrôle la prise alimentaire et l’homéostasie du glucose. Il possède en particulier deux structures spécifiques, l’hypothalamus et le tronc cérébral, sensibles à des informations provenant des organes périphériques ou de l’intestin (par l’intermédiaire d’hormones ou de substances nutritives circulantes), qui le renseignent sur l’état nutritionnel de l’organisme. Récemment, un nouvel axe nerveux intestin-cerveau a été identifié. Certains nutriments contrôlent la fonction homéostatique hypothalamique par cet axe. Nous décrivons dans cet article les connexions nerveuses entre l’intestin et le cerveau, et leur rôle dans l’homéostasie énergétique.
Abstract
Since the XIXth century, the brain has been known for its role in regulating food intake (via the control of hunger sensation) and glucose homeostasis. Further interest has come from the discovery of gut hormones, which established a clear link between the gut and the brain in regulating glucose and energy homeostasis. The brain has two particular structures, the hypothalamus and the brainstem, which are sensitive to information coming either from peripheral organs or from the gut (via circulating hormones or nutrients) about the nutritional status of the organism. However, the efforts for a better understanding of these mechanisms have allowed to unveil a new gut-brain neural axis as a key regulator of the metabolic status of the organism. Certain nutrients control the hypothalamic homeostatic function via this axis. In this review, we describe how the gut is connected to the brain via different neural pathways, and how the interplay between these two organs drives the energy balance.
© 2015 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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