Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 29, Mars 2013
Mucormycoses
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 19 - 24 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/201329s105 | |
Published online | 13 March 2013 |
Aspects cliniques et radiologiques des mucormycoses
Clinical and radiological aspects of mucormycosis
1
Département d’oncologie et d’hématologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
2
Laboratoire de mycologie médicale, Institut de parasitologie et de pathologie tropicale, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
*
raoul.herbrecht@chru-strasbourg.fr
**
alinamarcela.sabou@chru-strasbourg.fr
***
marie-pierre.ledoux@chru-strasbourg.fr
Les mucormycoses sont des infections à champignons filamenteux de l’ordre des Mucorales. Elles surviennent en général chez des patients sévèrement immunodéprimés mais se voient également au cours des acidocétoses diabétiques et chez des patients immunocompétents après un traumatisme ou une brûlure. Les localisations primitives touchent principalement les voies aériennes supérieures (sinus avec une extension locorégionale jusqu’au niveau cérébral) et inférieures et, à un moindre degré, le tube digestif et la peau. Les Mucorales ont une forte aptitude à l’angioinvasion causant dissémination hématogène et thromboses vasculaires et, de ce fait, une nécrose des lésions. Les aspects radiocliniques sont proches de ceux des autres infections invasives à champignons filamenteux, dont les aspergilloses.
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucorales order. The predisposing factors are mostly diabetic ketoacidosis and severe immunosuppressive conditions such as prolonged neutropenia, steroid or T-cell suppressor therapy, solid organ transplantation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mucormycosis can also occur in immunocompetent patients, especially after trauma, burns or direct inoculation of the fungi (e.g. intravenous drug abuse). The most frequently targeted primary sites of infection are sinuses with a rapid spread to the adjacent tissues including the brain, the lower respiratory tract, the digestive tract and the skin. Mucorales are able to invade the vessels causing hematogenous dissemination, vascular thrombosis and, ultimately, necrosis of the lesions. Clinical and radiological aspects are similar to those observed in other invasive filamentous fungi infections such as invasive aspergillosis, fusariosis or scedosporiosis. CT-scan or MRI are mandatory to assess the extension of the lesions. The diagnosis remains difficult and is often delayed resulting in a poor outcome.
© 2013 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS
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