Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 28, Number 12, Décembre 2012
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 1121 - 1127 | |
Section | Forum | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20122812024 | |
Published online | 21 December 2012 |
Penser la biologie dans un cadre phylogénétique
L’exemple de l’évolution des vertébrés
Tree thinking: the evolution of vertebrate as a case study
1
Laboratoire évolution, génomes et spéciation, UPR 9034 CNRS, avenue de la Terrasse, Bâtiment 13, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
2
Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
*
patrick.laurenti@legs.cnrs-gif.fr
La reconstruction des relations de parenté est devenue depuis quelques dizaines d’années un puissant outil d’analyse en biologie. Notre expérience d’enseignant-chercheur nous a appris, qu’au-delà des difficultés réelles qui existent pour bien comprendre les outils informatiques utilisés, peu familiers à la plupart des biologistes, le problème récurrent le plus grave est la mauvaise compréhension de la méthode de lecture des arbres phylogénétiques. Nous avons identifié quelques erreurs courantes qui révèlent la persistance du concept d’échelle des êtres qui, consciemment ou inconsciemment, guide encore trop souvent l’interprétation des phylogénies.
Abstract
In the last decades, the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships and their representation in the form of a phylogenetic tree have become a powerful tool for biology. These methods involve the use of sophisticated computer programs that are unfamiliar to most of biologists. However, our experience as teacher and researcher in evolutionary biology prompted us to realize that the main and most common source of confusion in depicting the evolution of various traits comes from the misunderstanding of the basis of tree reading. We have identified, not only in the work of our students, but also in scientific literature, some common mistakes that reveal the persistency of the concept of the scale of beings that unfortunately maintained as frame of reference to analyse phylogenies.
© 2012 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS
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