Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 28, Number 10, Octobre 2012
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 887 - 891 | |
Section | Forum | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20122810019 | |
Published online | 12 October 2012 |
L’amélioration humaine
Trois usages, trois enjeux
Human enhancement: three uses, three issues
1
Centre de Recherche Médecine, Sciences, Santé, Santé mentale, Société (CNRS UMR 8211, Université Paris Descartes, EHESS, Inserm 988), Site CNRS, 7, rue Guy Môquet, 94801 Villejuif Cedex, France
2
Institut d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques, CNRS UMR 8590, Université Paris 1-Panthéon Sorbonne et École normale supérieure, 13, rue du Four, 75006 Paris, France
*
simone.bateman@parisdescartes.fr
**
jean.gayon@gmail.com
L’expression human enhancement désigne un ensemble d’actions, réelles ou projetées, qui visent à augmenter les potentialités du corps humain, voire en créer de nouvelles. Ces actions reposent sur une réorientation de techniques biomédicales et s’ouvrent désormais aux technologies convergentes. L’article distingue trois usages du terme anglais, en fonction du sens donné à l’adjectif « humain » : l’amélioration des capacités humaines, l’amélioration de la nature humaine, et l’amélioration de soi. Ces strates de signification émanent de contextes distincts, mais héritent de courants de pensée anciens. C’est cette collusion d’idées anciennes et de moyens inédits qui s’exprime dans la formule human enhancement.
Abstract
The term human enhancement refers to a set of actual or proposed actions that aim to increase the potential of the human body, and even create new ones. Most of these actions are based on a reorientation of biomedical techniques used in medical practice, but now also appeal to converging technologies. This article distinguishes three uses of the English term, according to the meaning given to the adjective “human”: improvement of human capacities, improvement of human nature, self-improvement. These layers of meaning stem from different contexts but all draw on longstanding currents of thought. It is this collusion of old ideas and new means that is expressed in the term human enhancement.
© 2012 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS
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