Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 26, Number 8-9, Août-Septembre 2010
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 753 - 759 | |
Section | M/S revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2010268-9753 | |
Published online | 15 August 2010 |
O-GlcNAc glycosylation et régulation de la signalisation cellulaire
O-GlcNAc glycosylation and regulation of cell signaling
Institut Cochin, 22, rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris
Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
La O-GlcNAcylation correspond à l’addition de N-Acétylglucosamine sur des résidus sérine/thréonine de protéines cytosoliques ou nucléaires. Elle constitue un mode de régulation post-traductionnel réversible, analogue aux phosphorylations, qui contrôle l’activité, la stabilité ou la localisation des protéines en fonction de la disponibilité en glucose. Des perturbations de la O-GlcNAcylation des protéines pourraient jouer un rôle important dans des pathologies humaines comme le diabète de type 2. En effet, de nombreux travaux indiquent que la O-GlcNAcylation de protéines impliquées dans la signalisation de l’insuline conduit à une atténuation du signal, suggérant un mécanisme par lequel l’hyperglycémie chronique pourrait aggraver la résistance à l’insuline observée chez les patients diabétiques.
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation corresponds to the addition of N-acetylglucosamine on serine and threonine residues of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. OGlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification, analogous to phosphorylation, that regulates the stability, the activity or the subcellular localisation of proteins. This reversible modification depends on the availability of glucose and therefore constitutes a powerful means by which cellular activities are regulated according to the nutritional environment of the cell. O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in important human pathologies including Alzheimer disease and type-2 diabetes. Only two enzymes, OGT and O-GlcNAcase, control the O-GlcNAcylation level on proteins, and thereby regulate signaling pathways. Several lines of evidence indicate that OGT attenuates insulin signal by O-GlcNAcylation of proteins involved in proximal and distal steps in the signaling pathway. This negative feedback may be exacerbated when cells are exposed to elevated glucose concentrations as observed in diabetic patients, and could thereby contribute to insulin resistance and worsening of hyperglycaemia.
© 2010 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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