Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 26, Number 6-7, Juin–Juillet 2010
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 615 - 620 | |
Section | M/S revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2010266-7615 | |
Published online | 15 June 2010 |
Maladies à prions
Quel rôle pour les cellules dendritiques dans la pathogenèse des formes transmises ?
Hematopoietic dendritic cells help disseminate prions at different steps of the pathogenesis process
Inserm UMR S 938
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
* pierre.aucouturier@inserm.fr
La longue période d’incubation des infections à prions offre une fenêtre pour une possible intervention thérapeutique avant l’atteinte irréversible et toujours fatale du système nerveux central. Cependant les événements physiopathologiques de ce stade asymptomatique sont encore mal compris. En particulier, alors que les sites anatomiques d’accumulation des prions sont bien identifiés, leurs modes de propagation dans l’organisme sont mal connus et apparemment complexes. Nous nous intéressons dans cet article à l’implication des cellules dendritiques comme vecteurs de ces agents. Grâce à des propriétés uniques d’exploration et de migration, les cellules dendritiques peuvent capturer les prions et faciliter leur propagation. Mais quelle est leur implication réelle dans la pathogenèse ?
Abstract
Prion diseases are caused by the transconformation of a normal cellular protein, PrPc, into an infectious isoform, PrPsc, which ultimately triggers neuronal death. They are always fatal and, after transmission, they feature long incubation periods, during which prions accumulate in lymphoid tissues, infect nerves and progress to the central nervous system. In lymphoid organs, prions replicate and accumulate in follicular dendritic cells. Suppressing these cells slows down the neuro-invasion but does not totally abrogate it. This review examines the current knowledge in the roles of hematopoietic dendritic cells at different steps of the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Dendritic cells endocytose inoculated prions, permit their crossing of the intestinal epithelium and then migrate and transport them to lymphoid organs. They can carry prions to sites of neuroinvasion, and establish contacts with axons in peripheral lymph nodes or even after passage of the blood-brain barrier. However, results in the literature on the role of dendritic cells differ according to the host or the prion strain.
© 2010 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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