Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 25, Number 2, Février 2009
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 197 - 200 | |
Section | Repères | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2009252197 | |
Published online | 15 February 2009 |
Incidence mondiale et prise en charge des envenimations ophidiennes et scorpioniques
Global incidence of snake and scorpion envenoming
Unité de recherché « Santé de la mère et de l’enfant en milieu tropical », IRD UR010, Université Paris Descartes, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
*
jean-philippe.chippaux@ird.fr
Dans les pays tropicaux, les envenimations constituent un problème de santé publique fréquent mais négligé en raison d’une sous-estimation de leur incidence et parce qu’elles concernent des populations démunies. De plus, ces accidents sont considérés comme inévitables, ce qui restreint les stratégies de contrôle. Une meilleure estimation de l’incidence et de la sévérité des morsures de serpent et piqûres de scorpion améliorerait leur prise en charge. Le sérum antivenimeux, aujourd’hui très bien toléré grâce à la purification des immunoglobulines, est le traitement le plus efficace. Il reste cependant inaccessible aux populations du Sud en raison de son coût et de contraintes logistiques et commerciales. L’OMS vient de faire des recommandations pour standardiser la fabrication des sérums antivenimeux et en faciliter la distribution.
Abstract
Snakebites and the scorpion stings constitute a neglected public health problem, first because their incidence is poorly known and, second, because low income populations are involved. Accidents of envenoming are still regarded as inevitable, leading to limitations of their management. A better knowledge of the incidence and severity of the envenoming should result in a better control. Antivenoms are well tolerated, due to high purification of immunoglobulin, and became the most effective treatment. But they remain inaccessible to the populations of underdeveloped countries because of its high cost but also logistic difficulties. WHO has made recommendations to standardize the manufacture of the antivenoms and facilitate their diffusion where required.
© 2009 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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