Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 33, Number 10, Octobre 2017
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 891 - 897 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20173310022 | |
Published online | 10 October 2017 |
Intégrer la recherche clinique dans la réponse aux épidémies
Les leçons de l’expérience d’Ebola
Integrating clinical research into epidemic response: the field perspective in the Ebola experience
Inserm U1219, université de Bordeaux et centre hospitalo-universitaire de Bordeaux, 46, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
Au cours de l’épidémie de maladie à virus Ebola qui a affecté l’Afrique de l’ouest entre 2013 et 2016, la mise en place d’essais cliniques en vue de l’évaluation de stratégies thérapeutiques et de vaccins prometteurs, mais non homologués, est apparue comme une composante emblématique de la réponse globale à l’épidémie. En 2017, aucun agent antiviral n’a pu prouver une efficacité définitive chez les patients. Deux produits, la combinaison d’anticorps monoclonaux ZMapp et l’antiviral direct favipiravir, testés au cours d’essais cliniques de preuve de concept ou contrôlés avec randomisation, présentent un profil de sécurité ou d’efficacité préliminaire encourageant la poursuite de leur évaluation lors de la prochaine résurgence épidémique. Ces enjeux sont portés aux scénarios à construire et anticiper au cours de la période inter-épidémique inaugurée en 2016.
Abstract
During the 2013-2016 west African Ebola outbreak that affected West Africa, accelerated clinical trials, testing unproven but promising and potentially lifesaving experimental interventions emerged as a key component of the global outbreak. In 2017, no Ebola medical countermeasures had proven antiviral efficacy in patients. However, in September 2014, the World Health Organization inventoried a list of potential drug candidates developed or repurposed with demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro or in animal models. Numerous therapeutics were considered or explored during the outbreak, including nucleoside and nucleotide analogues, nucleic acid-based drugs and immunotherapeutics. Drugs in clinical trials were tested within the framework of optimized supportive care with fluids and electrolytes and management of severe compromise of multiple organs resulting from viral cytopathology and immune-mediated cell damage. Assessment of those therapeutics with encouraging preliminary efficacy or safety profile, like the repurposed direct antiviral agent favipiravir or the combination of antibodies ZMapp requires further investigation to confirm their efficacy in humans, propose appropriate doses and evaluate the possibility of treatment combinations. During the lull before the next epidemic, major challenges for managing future Ebola epidemics include scientific, clinical and public health preparedness with establishment of innovative patient care and clinical research support in remote poor areas where Ebola and other deadly infectious diseases typically reemerge.
© 2017 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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