Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 32, Number 5, Mai 2016
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 485 - 490 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20163205015 | |
Published online | 25 May 2016 |
Mécanismes de l’effet diurétique de la caféine
Mechanisms of caffeine-induced diuresis
1
Faculté de médecine, université de Liège, 4000
Liège, Belgique
2
Service de pharmacologie et laboratoire de neurophysiologie, GIGA neurosciences, université de Liège, 4000
Liège, Belgique
3
GIGA cardiovasculaires, université de Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 13, 4000
Liège, Belgique
4
Service de néphrologie, CHU de Liège, 4000
Liège
Belgique
*
francois.jouret@chu.ulg.ac.be
La caféine est un psychotrope naturel abondamment consommé. Outre ses propriétés psychostimulantes, elle exerce un effet diurétique dont les mécanismes ne sont pas clairement établis. Une revue de la littérature indique que l’effet diurétique de la caféine implique l’antagonisme des récepteurs A1 de l’adénosine à différents niveaux : (1) la caféine augmente le taux de filtration glomérulaire par inhibition de la vasoconstriction de l’artériole afférente lors du réflexe tubulo-glomérulaire ; (2) la caféine inhibe la réabsorption sodée par le tube contourné proximal, ce qui augmente la diurèse ; et (3) la caféine inhibe le réflexe hépatorénal via les terminaisons nerveuses des espaces de Mall.
Abstract
Caffeine is an alkaloid which belongs to the family of methylxanthines and is present in beverages, food and drugs. Caffeine competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (AR), which are G protein-coupled receptors largely distributed throughout the body, including brain, heart, vessels and kidneys. Caffeine consumption has a well-known diuretic effect. The homeostasis of salt and water involves different segments of the nephron, in which adenosine plays complex roles depending on the differential expression of AR. Hence, caffeine increases glomerular filtration rate by opposing the vasoconstriction of renal afferent arteriole mediated by adenosine via type 1 AR during the tubuloglomerular feedback. Caffeine also inhibits Na+ reabsorption at the level of renal proximal tubules. In addition, caffeine perturbs the hepatorenal reflex via sensory nerves in Mall’s intrahepatic spaces. Here, we review the physiology of caffeine-induced natriuresis and diuresis, as well as the putative pathological implications.
© 2016 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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