Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 32, Number 2, Février 2016
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 204 - 210 | |
Section | Repéres | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20163202015 | |
Published online | 02 March 2016 |
Hausse des dépenses de santé
Quel rôle joue le vieillissement démographique ?
Healthcare expenditures growth: the red herring of demographic ageing?
Paris-Jourdan Sciences Économiques(UMR 8545), École d’économie de Paris et École normale supérieure, 48, boulevard Jourdan, 75014
Paris, France
Le vieillissement démographique est souvent mis en avant pour expliquer la hausse des dépenses de santé. Puisque les personnes âgées consomment davantage de soins médicaux que leurs cadets, l’augmentation de la part des 60 ans et plus que connaissent les pays développés ne devrait-elle pas conduire à une augmentation marquée des dépenses de santé ? Ce raisonnement en apparence logique oublie le rôle joué par les conditions épidémiologiques et les pratiques médicales. Il occulte également l’importance du progrès technique médical qui, de manière paradoxale, a contribué à la hausse des budgets consacrés aux soins. Cet article propose un aperçu de la littérature économique qui s’est attachée à isoler et à quantifier les effets respectifs du vieillissement de la population et des déterminants non-démographiques sur la dynamique des dépenses de santé.
Abstract
Demographic ageing is often deemed responsible for the massive increase in health expenditures experienced by developed countries. As the elderly consume more medical care than the rest of the population, how could the increase in the share of the 60 + not lead to a marked expansion of healthcare public and private budgets? Despite its apparent logics, such reasoning is fallacious: it ignores that medical care consumption depends on many factors beyond age, which have tremendously evolved in the last decades and may change again in the future. Based on French stylized facts, this article provides an overview of the international literature that aimed at disentangling the respective roles of population ageing and of the non-demographic factors in explaining the dynamics of health expenditures. Paradoxically, technical medical progress has been a major contributor to the increase of healthcare spending. Results from economics research lead to qualify the impact of demographic trends and call for more attention to the public policies decisions that shape healthcare systems.
© 2016 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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