Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 30, Number 3, Mars 2014
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 289 - 296 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20143003017 | |
Published online | 31 March 2014 |
Les microARN circulants, une nouvelle classe de biomarqueurs pour la médecine
Circulating miRNAs as a new class of biomedical markers
PartnerChip CEA, Génopole Campus 2, bâtiment G2, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Évry, France
À l’ère de la médecine personnalisée, la recherche de nouveaux marqueurs capables d’améliorer le diagnostic des patients devient primordiale. La notion de test diagnostic « compagnon », capable de guider les médecins et d’orienter les choix thérapeutiques, commence à voir le jour sous le concept de théranostic. Depuis leur découverte et l’observation d’étroites corrélations avec un contexte pathologique, les microARN (miARN) contenus dans les fluides biologiques représentent de nouvelles pistes prometteuses pour la mise au point de biomarqueurs. D’abord étudiés dans les cancers, leur champ d’application est immense et touche tous les aspects de la médecine. Cet article passe en revue les récentes avancées sur les miARN circulants, leur origine, leur fonction, mais aussi leur potentiel d’application en clinique.
Abstract
Search for new biomarkers able to improve patient diagnosis has become a real challenge in the era of personalized medicine. Considering that early detection of cancer greatly increases the chances for successful treatment, the identification of accurate biomarkers is essential. In addition, the possibility to optimize patients’ care and follow-up using “companion” diagnostic tests is emerging under the term of theranostics and should become a key step in future therapeutics. Since their discovery in serum and their close associations with pathological conditions, miRNA found in biological fluids represent a new promising class of potential biomarkers. First identified in cancer patients, possible applications are very broad and address the vast majority of human diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge of circulating miRNA. Their production in cells, export in extra-cellular environment and presumed physiological functions are addressed. The review also emphasizes their potential applications in clinics as biomarkers or therapeutic agents.
© 2014 médecine/sciences – Inserm
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