Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 29, Number 4, Avril 2013
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 417 - 424 | |
Section | M/S Revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2013294016 | |
Published online | 26 April 2013 |
Adiponectine et résistine
Un rôle dans les fonctions de reproduction ?
Adiponectin and resistin: a role in the reproductive functions?
Unité de physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, UMR 6175 Inra-CNRS-université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Les adipocytokines sont des hormones principalement produites par le tissu adipeux blanc, un organe endocrine impliqué dans l’homéostasie énergétique. Elles jouent un rôle important dans le contrôle, non seulement du métabolisme lipidique et glucidique, mais aussi du fonctionnement des gonades et de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire. En effet, certaines adipocytokines, comme l’adiponectine et la résistine, régulent la stéroïdogenèse, la maturation des cellules germinales et la sécrétion des hormones gonadotropes chez différentes espèces. Ainsi, elles pourraient faire le lien entre la reproduction et le métabolisme énergétique, et être à l’origine des infertilités rencontrées dans certains troubles métaboliques, comme l’obésité ou le syndrome des ovaires polykystiques.
Abstract
Adipokines are hormones mainly produced by the white adipose tissue, an endocrine organ involved in energy homeostasis. They play an important role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolisms, in inflammation and immune disorders. New roles for adipokines have recently emerged in the field of fertility and reproduction. Indeed, adipokines such as adiponectin and resistin are able to regulate the functions of male and female gonads and of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. For example, they modulate steroidogenesis of gonadic somatic cells, germ cell maturation and secretion of gonadotrope hormones in various species. The reproductive system is tightly coupled with energy balance, and thereby metabolic abnormalities can lead to the development of physiopathological situations such as the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Obesity and overweight are significantly involved in the declining natural fertility and decrease the effectiveness of treatments. Women with obesity and/or PCOS have abnormal plasma adiponectin and resistin profiles. Thus, these adipokines could be a link between reproduction and energy metabolism and could partly explain some infertility related to obesity or PCOS.
© 2013 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS
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