Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 28, Number 8-9, Août–Septembre 2012
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 765 - 771 | |
Section | Repères | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2012288019 | |
Published online | 22 August 2012 |
Synesthésie, expression subjective d’un palimpseste neuronal ?
Synesthesia as a neuronal palimpsest
Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), université de Toulouse et CNRS UMR 5549, pavillon Baudot, centre hospitalier-universitaire (CHU) Purpan, BP 25202, 31052 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
*
jean-michel.hupe@cerco.ups-tlse.fr
Nous ne pensons pas tous de la même façon, mais nous ne le savons pas forcément. Les synesthésies attestent de différences concernant l’intimité de l’expérience subjective : certaines personnes, qu’on appelle synesthètes, éprouvent des associations additionnelles arbitraires, idiosyncrasiques et automatiques : par exemple de couleurs à des sons, ou une couleur spécifique pour chaque chiffre ou lettre de l’alphabet. Depuis une dizaine d’années, les sciences cognitives cherchent à expliquer de façon objective ce phénomène non pathologique, grâce notamment aux techniques d’imagerie cérébrale. Cet article présente un état des lieux de ce que l’on sait des synesthésies.
Abstract
Synesthetes, a small fraction of the population, experience systematic, additional associations. For example, they may arbitrarily associate a specific color to each letter or number. Synesthesia has offered for the last ten years to cognitive science a unique opportunity to study the neural bases of subjective experience, drawing on individual differences just like in neuropsychology, but with healthy people. Here we review the current knowledge and propose a new theory, the “palimpsest hypothesis”, a variant of the recycling hypothesis for reading. The neural development of written language expertise (a recent cultural invention acquired without any genetic modification) requires indeed the recycling of brain regions predisposed to expertise acquisition into reading regions. The palimpsest hypothesis supposes that for synesthetes recycling involves neuronal networks that were already specialized for color perception. Synesthetic colors would be the remains of this former expertise.
© 2012 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS
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