Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 27, Number 2, Février 2011
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 177 - 182 | |
Section | M/S revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2011272177 | |
Published online | 08 March 2011 |
Récepteurs gustatifs des molécules sucrantes et antisucrantes
Un rôle métabolique insoupçonné
Modulation of T1R chemosensory receptors for sweet nutrients
New paradigms in metabolic regulation
New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, MSB, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, États-Unis
Les récepteurs gustatifs de type T1R (taste receptor 1), qui relaient la sensation du goût sucré, sont en fait impliqués dans des systèmes intégrés de chémodétection des produits sucrants circulant dans l’organisme entier. La recherche de leurs rôles dans l’absorption intestinale, la régulation métabolique et l’homéostasie glucidique, notamment, est en plein essor. L’impact biologique, en dehors du système gustatif, des sucrants naturels, des édulcorants mais aussi des molécules antisucrantes moins connues, est l’objet de discussions. La notion de sucrant inverse est introduite et illustrée par la découverte récente que deux classes majeures de composés appartenant respectivement à la médecine (fibrates) et à l’agriculture (phénoxyherbicides), sont en fait des inhibiteurs des récepteurs T1R spécifiques à l’homme.
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the sweet-sensing receptors T1R2/3, thought to be “taste receptors” specifically expressed in lingual system, are also expressed and involved in the chemo-detection of sweetening molecules circulating in other organs. Researches that focus on their roles in intestinal absorption, metabolic regulation and glucose homeostasis, in particular, are increasing. Indeed, the sweet-sensing receptor could provide a new therapeutic target for certain metabolic disorders and diseases like obesity and diabetes. If the natural and artificial sweeteners agonists are diverse and well known, the “anti-sweeteners” antagonistic molecules are a class of compounds that received very little attention until now. Their potential roles and pharmacological relevance outside the taste system are discussed. Moreover, the recent finding that 2 major classes of compounds belonging respectively to the fields of medicine (fibrates) and agriculture (phenoxy-herbicides) are potent inhibitors of human T1R3 receptor is reported, raising new questions about their potential impact on human metabolism.
© 2011 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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