Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 24, Number 2, Février 2008
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 197 - 204 | |
Section | M/S revues | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2008242197 | |
Published online | 15 February 2008 |
Le point faible méiotique : la première division
Meiotic weakness: the first division
1
Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Box 97, 1275 York Avenue, 10021 New York, NY, États-Unis
2
Team Avenir Inserm, Cell Division and Associated Checkpoints. UMR 7622 CNRS, Biologie du Développement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, quai Saint-Bernard, Boîte 24, 75005 Paris, France
*
katja.wassmann@snv.jussieu.fr
La méiose est une succession de deux divisions sans synthèse d’ADN intermédiaire, conduisant à la formation de gamètes haploïdes fécondables et fécondants : les ovocytes et les spermatozoïdes. La première division permet la séparation des chromosomes homologues, la seconde celle des chromatides soeurs. La première division méiotique femelle est sujette à des erreurs de ségrégation du matériel génétique, qui ont de lourdes conséquences pour l’embryon (génération d’embryons aneuploïdes, avortements spontanés, trisomies). Nous décrivons dans cet article les avancées récentes concernant la régulation de cette première division, en particulier celles liées à l’assemblage des fuseaux de division et à la régulation du cycle cellulaire méiotique chez la souris.
Abstract
Cell division is probably the most dramatic event in the life of a cell : the entire genetic material has to be equally distributed into the two daughter cells. Segregation errors have severe consequences and lead to either cell death or the generation of aneuploid cells and may cause the formation of tumors or tumor promoting mutations in somatic cells. In meiosis, they provoke the generation of aneuploid embryos and/or spontaneous abortions. Trisomies in humans, such as trisomy 21, are due to the missegregation of one chromosome in the first meiotic division in the oocyte. This review deals with the molecular mechanisms regulating the two meiotic divisions required for the generation of female haploid germ cells. Here we focus mainly on spindle assembly, and cell cycle regulation especially during the first meiotic division in mouse oocytes (excellent reviews have been written on the peculiar aspects of cell cycle regulation in meiosis II, such as the CSF arrest).
© 2008 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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