Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 22, Number 5, Mai 2006
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 544 - 547 | |
Section | Repères | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2006225544 | |
Published online | 15 May 2006 |
Police épistémologique : l’enquête « streptomycine »
20th century at a glance: the streptomycin story
Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Histoire de la médecine, Université René-Descartes Paris V. 56, avenue Kléber, 75116 Paris, France
Pas d’ouvrage de méthodologie des essais cliniques sans une référence historique à la streptomycine. Deux études simultanées, l’une britannique, l’autre américaine, annoncent la médecine moderne : randomisation et rigueur du groupe témoin. Curieusement, la référence citée varie en fonction de la nationalité de l’utilisateur, qui évoque soit le statisticien britannique Austin Bradford Hill, soit la Veteran Administration, et qui élude l’une ou l’autre dans sa bibliographie. L’étude historique permet d’appréhender la lente genèse des essais cliniques et la permanence des difficultés rencontrées dans leur réalisation.
Abstract
The discovery of streptomycin is attributed to a microbiologist, Selman Waksman, Nobel Prize 1952, a paternity that was disputed by his collaborator Albert Schatz, who was the first author of the princeps article. Two pioneering clinical studies involved streptomycin, both of which have been widely used as reference works. The first one was English, under the name of Austin Bradford Hill. It inaugurated a randomization in medicine. The second trial was American, and carried out by the Veteran Administration. It made use for the first time of the « control group ». The present article analyses the genesis of clinical trials and illustrates the recurrent difficulties encountered in their implementation.
© 2006 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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