Issue |
Med Sci (Paris)
Volume 21, Number 12, Décembre 2005
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 1101 - 1105 | |
Section | Repères | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/200521121101 | |
Published online | 15 December 2005 |
La lutte contre le trachome, de l’arrière-garde à l’avant-garde
Fight against trachoma, from rearguard to advance guard
CNRS-CEDEJ (Centre d’études et de documentation économiques, juridiques et sociales), PO Box 392, Muhammad Farid, Le Caire, Égypte
*
moulin@cedej.org.eg
*
saint-romain@noos.fr
L’espoir d’éradiquer les maladies s’est manifesté dès la reconnaissance, avec l’exploration du monde des microbes, de la possibilité de les manipuler au laboratoire et d’atténuer ou même d’éteindre leur virulence et leur pouvoir pathogène. Les fortunes diverses des programmes d’éradication (paludisme, tuberculose, poliomyélite, tétanos) ont amené à tempérer cet optimisme et à privilégier le choix de maladies sans réservoir animal, donc plus aisément maîtrisables. Bien que le trachome soit une maladie purement humaine, son élimination pose encore des problèmes, parce que la bactérie responsable de l’affection a un allié puissant, la pauvreté. Retour sur une maladie historique.
Abstract
Trachoma with its typical deformation of the eyelashes (trichiasis) is a blinding affection, well-known since Antiquity. But while in the XIXth century the disease was universally endemic, today it is restricted to povertystricken areas in the world. This highly contagious affection was eliminated in the industrialised countries before the era of antibiotherapy and even before the identification of the germ. Which lesson to draw from this historical retrospect ? Present fighting against this plague epitomized by the WHO-supported Alliance might mean more than the last episode of a vestigial disease. It might herald the implementation of a fully modern strategy, combining the transformation of social ecology and the improvement of quality of human life.
© 2005 médecine/sciences - Inserm / SRMS
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