Tableau II.
Principales études décrivant la différenciation in vitro de CGP et de cellules germinales à partir des CSE et iPS. CE : corps embryonnaires ; CGP : cellules germinales primordiales ; CM : culture en monocouche ; DHT : dihydrotestostérone ; hiPS : human induced pluripotent stem cells ; hCSE : cellules souches embryonnaires humaines ; ICSI : intracytoplasmic sperm injection ; mCSE : cellules souches embryonnaires murines ; Ma : marqueurs ; Mo : morphologie.
| Phénotype | Source | Fonctionnalité |
Techniques d’étude du phénotype |
Références | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test | Résultats | Culture | Ma | Mo | ||||
| Précurseurs des cellules germinales | CGP | hCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CM | + | - | [13] |
| hiPS,XY | - | - | CM | + | - | [13] | ||
| mCSE | - | - | CE | + | - | [12] | ||
| hCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CM | + | + | [8] | ||
| CGP migrantes | hCSE,XX | - | - | CM | + | + | [7] | |
| CGP pré/postmigratoires | hCSE,XY | - | - | CM | + | - | [15] | |
| CGP/gonocytes | hCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CE | + | - | [5] | |
| Différenciation mâle | Cellules germinales mâles | hCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CE | + | - | [5] |
| mCSE,XY | ICSI, transplantation in vivo | Blastocystes | CM | + | + | [19] | ||
| mCSE,XY | - | - | CE | + | - | [18] | ||
| hCSE,XX | - | - | CM | + | - | [7] | ||
| Spermatogonies | hCSE,XY | - | - | CM | + | - | [15] | |
| Spermatides rondes | mCSE,XY | ICSI | Morulas, blastocystes | CE | + | + | [17] | |
| hCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CE | + | + | [16] | ||
| hCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CM | + | + | [8] | ||
| Spermatozoïdes | mCSE,XY | - | - | CE | + | + | [20] | |
| Cellules somatiques | hCSE,XX,XY | Dosage | Œstradiol, DHT | CE | - | - | [16] | |
| Cellules de Sertoli | hCSE,XX | - | - | CM | + | - | [7] | |
| Cellules de Leydig | hCSE,XX | - | - | CM | + | + | [7] | |
| Cellules de Sertoli/Leydig | hCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CM | + | - | [8] | |
| Différenciation femelle | Ovocytes | mCSE,XY | - | - | CE | + | + | [25] |
| mCSE,XY | - | - | CM/CE | + | + | [23] | ||
| hCSE,XX | - | - | CM/CE | + | + | [22] | ||
| mCSE,XY | - | - | CE | + | + | [24] | ||
| hCSE | - | - | CE | + | + | [16] | ||
| Ovocytes (vésicule germinale) | mCSE,XX,XY | Transplantation in vivo | - | CE | + | + | [28] | |
| Ovocytes, globules polaires | mCSE,XX | Culture | Zygotes parthénogénétiques | CE | + | + | [29] | |
| mCSE,XX,XY | Culture | Blastocystes parthénogénétiques | CM | + | + | [27] | ||
| Follicules | mCSE,XY | - | - | CE | - | + | [24] | |
| hCSE,XX | - | - | CM/CE | - | + | [22] | ||
| Follicules primordiaux | hCSE | Dosage | Œstradiol, DHT | CE | + | + | [16] | |
| Follicules primordiaux/primaires | mCSE,XY | Dosage | Œstradiol | CM/CE | + | + | [23] | |
| mCSE,XX,XY | - | - | CE | - | + | [28] | ||
| Follicules primaires/secondaires | mCSE,XX,XY | Dosage | Œstradiol | CM | + | + | [27] | |
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